TORONTO — The Canadian government has forced Canada’s two major freight railroads to enter contract arbitration with its labor union, the labor minister confirmed Thursday.
Labour Minister Steven MacKinnon announced the decision at a news conference moments after The Associated Press broke the news publicly, citing a government official familiar with the situation.
The railroads have said that once the dispute enters arbitration the trains will be able to get moving again.
Canadian National and CPKC railroads both locked out their employees after the deadline of 12:01 a.m. EDT deadline to resolve a dispute with the Teamsters Canada Rail Conference passed.
Talks resumed later in the day — as workers picketed outside and business groups urged the government to force the arbitration.
The official who spoke to the AP did so on condition of anonymity as they were not authorized to speak publicly ahead of the announcement.
All of Canada’s freight handled by rail — worth more than $730 million a day and adding up to more than 375 million tons of freight last year — stopped, as did rail shipments crossing the U.S. border. About 30,000 commuters in Canada were also affected because their trains use CPKC’s lines. CPKC and CN’s trains continue operating in the U.S. and Mexico.
Many companies in both countries and across all industries rely on railroads to deliver their raw materials and finished products, so without regular rail service they may have to cut back or even close. Billions of dollars of goods move between Canada and the U.S. via rail each month, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation.
“They are now holding the Canadian economy hostage to try and pressure the Liberal government to impose final binding arbitration and take your rights away to free collective bargaining,” Paul Boucher, president of the Teamsters Canada Rail Conference, which represents about 10,000 engineers, conductors and dispatchers, said on social media platform X prior to the government’s announcement.
Locked-out rail workers marched back and forth across the road from CPKC’s head office in Calgary, Alberta, on Thursday. A few passing cars honked their horns in support. One man in a white truck yelled out his window, “Get back to work!”
Both railroads said they would end the lockout if the union agrees to binding arbitration. Trudeau declined to immediately force the parties into binding arbitration for fear of offending unions and the leftist NDP party that his Liberal government relies on for support to remain in power.
In anticipation of the work stoppage, the White House convened a multi-agency Supply Chain Disruptions Task Force to assess the potential impact on U.S. consumers, businesses and workers, according to a Biden administration official. Administration officials have been in touch with their Canadian counterparts and are encouraging all parties to remain at the bargaining table and negotiate in good faith, according to the official, who was not authorized to comment publicly and spoke on the condition of anonymity.
Most businesses will probably have enough supplies on hand and room to store finished products to withstand a brief disruption. But ports and other railroads will quickly become clogged with stranded shipments that Canadian National and CPKC won’t pick up.
Edward Jones analyst Jeff Windau said many companies made supply chain changes after the COVID-19 pandemic that can help them withstand a short disruption. The real trouble starts if it drags on.
Most previous Canadian rail stoppages have only lasted a day or two and usually involved only one of the big railroads, but some have stretched as long as eight or nine days. Pressure for government intervention will increase if the lockout continues, with the impact magnified because both railroads are stopped.
“They are so integrated and tied into the economy,” Windau said. “Just the breadth of products that they haul. … Ultimately, I think we need the rails to continue to be running. And so at some point the government will start to get involved more.”
Chemical businesses and food distributors will be among the first to be affected. The railroads stopped accepting new shipments of hazardous materials and perishable goods as they began gradually shutting down last week, but most chemical plants have said they will be OK for about a week.
The auto industry also may have seen problems quickly because it relies on just-in-time shipments, with significant cross-border deliveries of engines, parts and finished vehicles. Flavio Volpe, President of the Automotive Parts Manufacturers’ Association, posted on X that about four of every five cars made in Canada are exported to the U.S. almost exclusively by rail. He said a prolonged lockout could cause temporary work stoppages similar to the impact of the five-day 2022 Ambassador Bridge blockade.
Union Pacific, one of the U.S. railroads that regularly hands off shipments to and from the Canadians, said the stoppage “means thousands of cars per day will not move across the border.”
“Everything from grain and fertilizer during the critical summer season, and lumber for building homes could be impacted,” Union Pacific said in a statement Thursday.
More than 30,000 commuters in Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal were the first to feel the pain of the lockouts. They had to scramble Thursday morning to find a new way to work because their commuter trains aren’t able to operate while CPKC is shut down.
CN had been negotiating with the Teamsters for nine months while CPKC had been trying to reach an agreement for a year, the union said.
The Canadian negotiations are stuck on issues related to the way rail workers are scheduled and concerns about rules designed to prevent fatigue and provide adequate rest to train crews. Both railroads had proposed shifting away from the existing system, which pays workers based on the miles in a trip, to an hourly system that they said would make it easier to provide predictable time off. The union said it doesn’t want to lose hard-fought fatigue protections.
The railroads said their contract offers have included raises consistent with recent deals in the industry. Engineers already make about $150,000 a year on Canadian National while conductors earn $120,000, and CPKC says its wages are comparable.